Monday, July 29, 2013
IT guide and review for Pyle Home PTCDS2UI AM/FM Radio/CD/Cassette/USB Classic Turntable with iPod Dock
Monday, March 4, 2013
News From the World of Social Media, Computer and Technology
Due to the latest innovations, the world has changed into a global village and has brought many changes. In this respect the internet has paid much contribution, not to mention social media like twitter and Facebook which has really altered and affected our lives.
Twitter being one of the best resources for finding breaking news and information, with more than 200 million accounts, has flourished in recent years. In December 2011, a new version of Twitter was launched, available for mobile phones, iPhone and Android. Anyone who has access to it can click any tweet in his/her timeline to expand it to see photos, videos, favorites etc. and can 'discover' and plunge into a stream of useful and entertaining information which are based on his/her current location, what he/she follows and what is happening in the world.
Another social-media, Facebook also enables users to share stories on their profile pages and update their status. In accordance with the latest updates, Facebook has now rolled out a way for its users to edit and re-write their comments, simply by a click on "edit or delete".
News From the World of Social Media, Computer and Technology
Moreover, Facebook has issued a new email for its users, replacing their primary email accounts, like Yahoo or Gmail with a Facebook.com account.
Computers have taken over every aspect of human culture. We use computers to work, play, do research, shop, stay in contact with friends, and more. The name which has ruled the whole computer world since its first launch in November 1985 is WINDOWS. It is the most used operating system in the world. But another technology of operating systems is coming ahead which will fully replace windows, named as MIDORI. The main idea behind it is to develop a lightweight portable OS which can be easily joined to various applications.
New computer technologies keep coming out continuously and nearly everyone wants to keep up with the latest computer technology that comes along. For example, laser printers have taken the place of ink-jet printers; auto makers are appealing to car buyers with new in-vehicle technology like LTE, digital review mirrors and advanced telematics systems.
There have been more inventions such as Robots with human expressions, 4 G Technology, 3-D Processor chips and latest phones. It is said that in the near future we will see holographic cell phones replacing the simple cell phones, enabling the user to walk next to a hologram of a friend or colleague.
According to a current research, Robots of future will develop the ability of generalization and will learn to manipulate objects. This will help them to adapt according to new environments. Making robots like these is a giant leap in robotics.
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of United States has developed an unnamed aircraft which can stay in air for a period of 5 years at a time. It is one of the most recent inventions in technology of the world.
No doubt, artificial intelligence has surpassed human intelligence in many aspects and is expected to outsmart human intelligence completely.
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Monday, February 25, 2013
5 Ways Technology Has Changed the Medical Field
It's difficult to even begin to touch on how many ways new and growing technology has changed the medical field. The average lifespan today is between 75-85 years old in this country and continues to rise year after year. Is it that Americans are finally heeding warning of the Food and Drug Administration or is technology now able to erase the effects of years of unhealthy living?
Prevention
Doctors now know that genetics play a part in possibly passing on diseases from one generation to another. Knowing a patient's health history because of the role genetic testing has played in identifying diseases passed on from generation to generation can give doctors an early start on what to look for in a patient. Vaccines have also played an important role in prevention of diseases and technology has allowed the newest vaccines to prevent certain types of cancers.
5 Ways Technology Has Changed the Medical Field
Testing
Regular blood tests and lab work can reveal anything from a lack of iron in your blood to certain types of cancers, diabetes and possible heart conditions. These simple tests can be a life saver with early detection.
Early detection
With the use of x-rays, MRI's and Cat Scans doctors are able to have an "inside" look at your body and what diseases or ailments may be hiding within. Doctors are able to detect and diagnose problems before they become life threatening.
Surgery
Advances in this field have transformed surgery as a "risky art" into a scientific discipline capable of treating many diseases and conditions.
Treatment
The manufacturing of legal drugs has allowed the medical profession to prescribe anything from painkillers to mood enhancers to radiation and chemotherapy. There seems to be a medication for almost every ailment these days and it wouldn't be possible without modern day technology.
For the past 200 years the medical field has made enormous progress in the fight against deadly diseases with the help of new technologies. From the invention of the first vaccine to surgeries that can give someone a better quality of life, technology continues to improve the medical field.
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Saturday, February 16, 2013
How to Fix Error 80004005
Error 80004005 is perhaps one of the most annoying things ever to be flashed on your computer screen. Most computer errors are very specific to various software's or operations. Error 80004005, however, seems to be a rather generic error code as it has a tendency to pop up for all sorts of reasons.
The error could arise due to a problem with VBScript. This is a computer script similar to Javascipt. Microsoft uses VBScript to interface with various web functions including saving passwords. You can attempt to fix the problem first by making sure that you're on the administrative account and without restrictions. If you find that you are already on such settings, then it might be that your firewall is not allowing the site access.
Another time the error will occur is when it has problems connecting. You may get an error message that says there's a login failure, or it might say something like "SQL Permissions Problem". Chances are that this is another error in permissions. The causes for this connectivity issue can range vastly in where the permission problem is coming into play. Pay attention to the verbiage the error screen. It will hopefully give you hints on where to start trouble shooting.
How to Fix Error 80004005
You might have input information incorrectly, causing the 80004005 error. For instance, if you get this error after attempting to submit information with numbers like a phone number or a social security number, try going back and entering them as strings instead of straight numbers. For instance, instead of putting a phone number like 5551234, but 555-1234.
Error 80004005 might come up while you're trying to log in to your instant messenger. The first thing to do if this happens is to check and see if you've got the latest version. Most instant messengers do regular updates with new features and script. Older versions can suddenly become obsolete. It's a good idea to update whenever prompted to do so, and every so often (every couple of months) go to the instant messenger's website to see if there's a newer version you could be using.
Another thing to try if you're given the error code while using an instant messenger is to delete the cache files associated with it. Depending on which messenger you're using and which version of Windows, this might be done any of a few ways, so do a quick search for exact details given the versions you're working with.
Lastly and most common, if you have an internet security program (e.g. parental control, antivirus) there might be corrupted files. Use a tool that automatically fixes corrupted files and registry entries.
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A highly recommended Registry Cleaner and Error Solver to fix Error 80004005 is Errorsmart which is available for free at http://www.SpeedUpMyPc.Info. It also fixes the dll files so you don't have to manually register them. A nice side effect is that it increases the computer startup speed by up to 70%.
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Saturday, February 9, 2013
How To Get Computer Software Updates
Updating your computer is crucial as it helps your computer to run as smoothly as it can. The updates are patches to the current computer software programs, and they are there to help improve and fix bugs, enhance features and to give your computer better security. For example, both Macintosh and Windows operating systems are regularly given updates by various manufactures. These updates can be easily installed by the Software Update that is on your operating system.
For Mac Users
Click on the icon Apple, allocated on the top left corner of your desktop, then go to System Preferences, located down the list. Once it's clicked, a window for the System Preferences should now pop up.
How To Get Computer Software Updates
Under System, click on the icon Software Update. Then Click on the button Update Now. Once you have clicked on the Software Update button the window will now open with the available list of updates for your computer. If you do not wish to update all the computer software programs right now, you can always leave it for later. All you need to do is just click on the check box that is next to the program that you want to update. Depending on how many you have chosen it could take a couple of minutes or longer.
Click on the Install button. Once you have clicked on install, a pop up window will be displayed asking you to type in your administration user name with your password for your computer. This step is necessary for the process of updating. When your computer asks you will now need to restart your computer to ensure that the overall installation process on your Mac is complete. Once you have restarted your computer, all the computer software programs that you have asked to be updated, will now be up to date with the latest features. This now means that your computer and computer software will work more efficiently.
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Article was written by Jeff Frasco. For More information about computer components and computer articles and free trial downloads visit computercomponentsforyou.com.
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Wednesday, February 6, 2013
Windows Update Agent - Obtaining Latest Version of Windows Update Agent to Manage Computer Updates
This article focuses on steps in obtaining the latest version of Windows Update Agent. The Update Agent is capable of managing your computer updates that are installed on your PC. This Windows tool and the Microsoft updates work together to successfully install updates on your PC. The particular Update tool also works well with your local server that runs Microsoft System Management Server as well as the Server Update System in a corporate environment.
The Upgrading Agent is automatically obtained by visiting the Web site of Microsoft and downloading it into your PC. Windows upgrade assists in keeping your PC up-to-date and secures the newest upgrades on security and feature from Microsoft. This also ensures which upgrades are appropriate for your computer.
Periodically, the Microsoft makes available software data to users of Windows and other Microsoft products. These updating data increase reliability and performance that can provide new level of protections against unwanted software and malware as well as upgrades to your Windows features. In improving the reliability of your hardware and the performance of your computer components, Microsoft also provides updates to your device drivers supplied by your computer manufacturer.
Windows Update Agent - Obtaining Latest Version of Windows Update Agent to Manage Computer Updates
If you want to enable Windows Update, some software components which are directly related to the Windows Update must also be updated on your computer occasionally. These updates need to be performed before your updating is able to check for required new data or before other files are installed. These required new data can fix errors, provide ongoing PC improvements, and maintain the compatibility with the Microsoft servers which support your Windows upgrade. If you decide to disable Windows new file, this will not allow you to receive any future data development.
You can select any of the following in enabling your Windows file under Automatic Updating in Control Panel:
o Automatic is recommended
o Download updating files for me, but let me choose when to install them
o Notify me, but don't automatically download or install them
When your Windows new file server, a client upgrade is usually required. During an operation of Agent tool, the Windows files are added, changed, or replaced. For instance, new files which help display user's experience or which determines whether these documents are applicable to a particular system. This scenario occurs if a system is set up to verify the available updates automatically, otherwise, this would not work. For instance, this scenario would not occur if you choose Turn off Automatic Updates in Windows XP or Never check for updates in Windows Vista.
It is recommended that you visit the Microsoft Web site to be able to download the latest Windows Update Agent to be installed on your PC. Generally, the aforementioned resolution guide is for those users who would like to resolve their problems with installing Microsoft updates to enhance the performance of your computer applications or Microsoft programs.
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Sunday, February 3, 2013
Best Driver Update Software - How to Select the Best Software to Update Drivers on Your Computer
Are you looking for a driver update software to help you find and update your device drivers? Using a driver program to help you keep your device drivers up-to-date is an easy way to fix bugs and improve the performance of the devices on your computer. But which is the best one?
I cannot give you the exact answer. But I will give you some ideas how to select the best update software for your computer. There are several key elements you should pay attention to in selecting the best driver update program. Before you purchase a driver program, you should make sure it has all the features as below:
Accuracy of Driver Scan
The basic knowledge that you should know about device driver is that: a device can have several different drivers. A device has several different versions of drivers due to different Windows Systems! They are basically incompatible. So you should make sure the software can effectively scan and detect the models of your devices for your Operating System.
Best Driver Update Software - How to Select the Best Software to Update Drivers on Your Computer
And installing a wrong driver can lead to serious consequences. Not only will your devices not be able to work properly but also your computer will be confronted with freezes, blue screen, crash and other errors. Before you decide to buy one program, make sure it can accurately scan and download the device drivers for your Windows System.
Database Size
Database size is another key element to judge an update program. The database of a program should be large enough and covers most hardware from all the manufacturers like AMD, Intel, ATI, HP, NVIDIA, Sony and son. Normally a program which has a database of up to 1 million drivers will include all your devices on your computer.
An effective way to judge if the database is large enough is to use it to scan your computer and see if your devices are all detected. If your devices are included, you can rest assured to use it to help you update your hardware drivers.
The Frequency of Database Updates
Drivers are easily outdated. To fix some bugs or make the most out of hardware potential, manufacturers update the drivers for their product frequently. The program should be able to synchronize its database with the latest-updated drivers. If the update speed of the database is slow, you will update the "outdated" drivers for your computer.
System Compatibility
Of course, this is another key element in selecting the driver software. You should check it out if the computer is compatible with the Windows system that you are using. For example, if you are using Windows 7, you should make sure the software supports the operating system before you install it on your computer.
User Friendly
A good software should have a user friendly interface and be easy to use for all levels of PC users. People who use it may know a little about computer knowledge. So the software should be designed to be very easy to understand and use for most people. If you find the software is not comfortable, you can select the one that gives you good using experience.
Customer Support
Customer support is also a key element that should be taken into account. You might need help from the developer when you have trouble in using the software or come up against software failure. It is important to check out if they can provide timely technical support.
The above mentioned points are the most criteria in selecting a driver update software for your computer. You can choose the best driver update software easily by comparing the software one by one.
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Tuesday, January 29, 2013
What is 3G (Third Generation) Technology?
3G, short for "Third Generation Wireless," is the next generation high-speed mobile system based on GSM. 3G supports broadband, packet-based transmission of voice, text, multimedia, and video data at rates from 384 kbps to 2 Mbps. At the heart of 3G is the aim to provide mobile users, wherever they may be, with the same high speed services offered by broadband. With 3G, the mobile user can access high speed internet, videoconferencing, and basic video/TV services.
3G can support a minimum of 2 Mbps for stationary or slow-moving users (walking) and 384 kbps for fast-moving vehicles (in an auto or train). Compare this to rates of 9.6-40 kbps for 2G and 2.5G systems.
3G was developed to address the ever-growing consumer demand for mobile network capacity and services. From the youth-inspired excitement for SMS to a need for seamless connectivity to the corporate network while traveling, consumers have embraced the benefits of mobility. The ITU (International Telecommunication Union) started the process of defining the 3G standard back in the mid-1980s. In 1998, the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) was established to continue developing the 3G specifications. The 3GPP is a global body that brings together several telecommunications standards bodies from Europe, Japan, the United States, Korea, and China.
What is 3G (Third Generation) Technology?
3G supports the needs of a growing mobile workforce, including the typical "road warrior," as well as those working from home, a satellite office, or commuting. 3G extends the office LAN to these mobile workers, providing access to email, corporate networks, and the Internet. There are many personal-use applications as well, ranging from "smart" appliances to e-commerce and multimedia applications. And as 3G technology evolves, advanced applications beyond those envisioned today are sure to be developed.
Here are just a few of the benefits of 3G technology:
- While on the road, a manager can conduct a teleconference with colleagues to discuss an upcoming presentation. He can download the latest version, make edits online, all while talking.
- Users can take advantage of mobile video on demand to watch news, sports highlights, and video clips anytime on their mobile devices.
- 3G gives mobile staff access to critical applications like Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications. For example, field engineers can view a customer's profile from the road, update their files, and even close the trouble ticket while on site. Sales people can create and place orders while still at the customer's location.
- 3G-enabled vehicles are beginning to enter the market. These provide access to traffic-view cameras, Internet access, gaming, and video-streaming.
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Friday, January 25, 2013
Use of RFID Technology in Libraries: An Automated Metheod of Circulation, Security, Tracking and...
1. Introduction
RFID is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification. It is a technology that allows an item, for example a library book to be tracked and communicated with by radio waves. This technology is similar in concept to a Cell Phone.
Radio frequency identification, or RFID, is a broad term for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. There are several methods of identification, but the most common is to store a serial number that identifies a person or object, and perhaps other information, on a microchip that is attached to an antenna (the chip and the antenna together are called an RFID transponder or an RFID tag). The antenna enables the chip to transmit the identification information to a reader. The reader converts the radio waves reflected back from the RFID tag into digital information that can then be passed on to computers that can make use of it.
Use of RFID Technology in Libraries: An Automated Metheod of Circulation, Security, Tracking and...
2.Concept of RFID for Libraries
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is the latest technology to be used in library circulation operations and theft detection systems. RFID-based systems move beyond security to become tracking systems that combine security with more efficient tracking of materials throughout the library, including easier and faster charge and discharge, inventorying, and materials handling.
RFID is a combination of radio -frequency-based technology and microchip technology. The information contained on microchips in the tags affixed to library materials is read using radio frequency technology regardless of item orientation or alignment (i.e., the technology does not require line-of-sight or a fixed plane to read tags as do traditional theft detection systems). The RFID gates at the library exit(s) can be as wide as four feet because the tags can be read at a distance of up to two feet by each of two parallel exit gate sensors.
2.1 Components of an RFID System
A comprehensive RFID system has four components:
(1) RFID tags that are electronically programmed with unique information;
(2) Readers or sensors to query the tags;
(3) Antenna; and
(4) Server on which the software that interfaces with the integrated library software is loaded.
2.1.1Tags
The heart of the system is the RFID tag, which can be fixed inside a book's back cover or directly onto CDs and videos. This tag is equipped with a programmeable chip and an antenna. Each paper-thin tag contains an engraved antenna and a microchip with a capacity of at least 64 bits. There are three types of tags: "read only", "WORM," and "read/write.
"Tags are "read only" if the identification is encoded at the time of manufacture and not rewritable.
"WORM" (Write-Once-Read-Many)" tags are programmed by the using organization, but without the ability of rewriting them later.
"Read/write tags," which are chosen by most libraries, can have information changed or added. In RFID library, it is common to have part of the read/write tag secured against rewriting, e.g., the identification number of the item.
2.1.2 Readers
The reader powers an antenna to generate an RF field. When a tag passes through the field, the information stored on the chip in the tag is interpreted by the reader and sent to the server, which, in turn, communicates with the Integrated library system when the RFID system is interfaced with it.
RFID exit gate sensors (readers) at exits are basically two types. One type reads the information on the tag(s) going by and communicates that information to a server. The server, after checking against the circulation database, turn on an alarm if the material is not properly checked-out. Another type relies on a "theft" byte in the tag that is turned on or off to show that the item has been charged or not. It is then not necessary to communicate with the circulation database.
Readers in RFID library are used in the following ways:
Conversion station-where library data is written to the tag;
Staff workstation at circulation- used to charge and discharge library materials;
Self check-out station-used to check-out library materials without staff assistance;
Self check-in station-used to check in books etc. without staff assistance;
Exit sensors- to verify that all the books etc. leaving the library have been checked-out;
Book-drop reader- used to automatically discharge library materials and reactivate security.
Sorter and conveyor-automated system for returning books etc. to proper area of library;
Hand-held reader-used for inventorying and verifying that books etc. are shelved correctly.
2.1.3 Antenna
The antenna produces radio signals to activate the tag and read and write data to it. Antennas are the channels between the tag and the reader, which controls the system’s data acquisitons and communication. The electromagnetic field produced by an antenna can be constantly present when multiple tags are expected continually. Antennas can be built into a doorframe to receive tag data from person’s things passing through the door.
2.1.4 Server
The server is the heart of some comprehensive RFID systems. It is the communications gateway among the various components. It receives the information from one or more of the readers and exchanges information with the circulation database. Its software includes the SIP/SIP2 (Session Initiation Protocol), APIs (Applications Programming Interface) NCIP or SLNP necessary to interface it with the integrated library software. The server typically includes a transaction database so that reports can be produced.
2.2 Optional Components
Optional RFID system includes the following three components:
1. RFID Label Printer
2. Handheld Reader
3. External Book Return
1. RFID label Printer
An RFID-printer is used to print the labels with an individual barcode, library logo etc. When the print is applied, it simultaneously programmed the data in to the chip. After this process, the RFID label is taken from the printer and self-adhered to the book. It also checks each RFID label for function.
2. Handheld Reader/Inventory Wand
The portable Handheld Reader or inventory wand can be moved along the items on the shelves without touching them. The data goes to a storage unit, which can be downloaded at a server later on, or it can go to a unit, which will transmit it to the server using wireless technology. The inventory wand will cover three requirements:
· Screen the complete book collection on the shelves for inventory control.
· Search for books, which are mis-shelved.
· Search for individual book requested.
Other applications can be written for the inventory wand, since the system utilizes a personal data terminal (PDT).
3. External Book Return
Libraries can offer a distinct service, which is very useful for users like ability to return books during off hours. External book return is a machine with a slot with a chip RFID reader integrated into the wall. It works the same way as the Self Check –Out Station. The user identifies himself/herself (if required by the library), and then puts the book(s) in to the slot. Upon completing his/her return, the user will receive a receipt showing how many and which books were returned. Since they have already been checked-in, they can go directly back onto the shelves. These units can also be used with sorter and conveyor systems.
3. Key Features of RFID in library
The reliability of the system, its ease of operation, and the flexibility of tagging all kinds of media easily, is important criteria in choosing an RFID system. The main aim for today's libraries to adopt RFID is the need to increase efficiency and reduce cost. Automation and self-service can help libraries of all sizes toward achieving these aims, and RFID has the added advantage that it can also provide security for the range of different media on offer in libraries. The technology can also improve circulation and inventory control, which helps to optimise the allocation of labour and financial resources. This means that libraries can relieve their professional employees of routine work and operational tasks.
All of the tags used in RFID technology for libraries are "passive." The power to read the tags comes from the reader or exit sensor (reader), rather than from a battery within the tag.
A few libraries use "smart" card, which is an RFID card with additional encryption, is an alternative to merely adding an RFID tag on staff and user identification cards. Not only does that identify users for issue and return of library materials, but also for access to restricted areas or services. This would make it possible to make it into a "debit" card, with value added upon pre-payment to the library and value subtracted when a user used a photocopier, printer, or other fee-based device, or wished to pay fines or fees.
3.1 Speedy and Easy User self-charging/discharging
The use of RFID reduces the amount of time required to perform circulation operations. This technology helps librarians eliminate valuable staff time spent scanning barcodes while checking out and checking in borrowed items. For the users, RFID speeds up the borrowing and returns procedures. The Library professionals, instead of scanning bar codes all day long in front of a queue of users, are released for more productive and interesting duties. Staff is relieved further when readers are installed in book drops.
3.2 Reliability
The readers are highly reliable. Several vendors of RFID library systems claim an almost 100 percent detection rate using RFID tags.
Some RFID systems have an interface between the exit sensors and the circulation software to identify the items moving out of the library. Were a library user to run out of the library and not be catched, the library would at least know what had been stolen. If the user card also has an RFID tag, the library will also be able to determine who removed the items without properly charging them.
Other RFID systems encode the circulation status on the RFID tag. This is done by designating a bit as the "theft" bit and turning it off at time of charge and on at time of discharge. If the material that has not been properly charged is taken past the exit gate sensors, an immediate alarm is triggered. Another option is to use both the "theft" bit and the online interface to an integrated library system, the first to signal an immediate alarm and the second to identify what has been taken out.
3.3 High-speed inventorying
A unique advantage of RFID systems is their ability to scan books on the shelves without tipping them out or removing them. A hand-held inventory reader can be moved rapidly across a shelf of books to read all of the unique identification information. Using wireless technology, it is possible not only to update the inventory, but also to identify items, which are out of proper order.
3.4 Automated materials handling
Another application of RFID technology is automated materials handling. This includes conveyor and sorting systems that can move library materials and sort them by category into separate bins or onto separate carts. This significantly reduces the amount of staff time required to ready materials for re-shelving.
3.5 Tag life
RFID tags last longer than barcodes because, the technology does not require line-of-sight. Most RFID vendors claim a minimum of 100,000 transactions before a tag may need to be replaced.
4. Demerits of RFID Systems
4.1 High cost
The major disadvantage of RFID technology is its cost. While the readers and gate sensors used to read the information typically cost around ,500 to ,500 each; and the tags cost $.40 to $.75 each.
4.2 Accessibility to compromise
It is possible to compromise an RFID system by wrapping the protected material in two to three layers of ordinary household foil to block the radio signal. It is also possible to compromise an RFID system by placing two items against one another so that one tag overlays another. That may cancel out the signals. This requires knowledge of the technology and careful alignment.
4.3 Removal of exposed tags
RFID tags are typically affixed to the inside back cover and are exposed for removal. This means that there would be problems when users become more familiar with the role of the tags. In Indian libraries this is a major challenge to keep the tags intact.
4.4 Exit gate sensor (Reader) problems
While the short-range readers used for circulation charge and discharge and inventorying appear to read the tags 100 percent of the time, the performance of the exit gate sensors is more problematic. They always don’t read tags at up to twice the distance of the other readers. There is no library that has done a before and after inventory to determine the loss rate when RFID is used for security.
4.5 Invasion of User Privacy
Privacy concerns associated with item-level tagging is another significant barrier to library use of RFID tags. The problem with today’s library RFID system is that the tags contain static information that can be relatively easily read by unauthorized tag readers. This allows for privacy issues described as “tracking” and “hotlisting”.
Tracking refers to the ability to track the movements of a book (or person carrying the book) by “correlating multiple observations of the book’s bar code” or RFID tag. Hotlisting refers to the process of building a database of books and their associated tag numbers (the hotlist) and then using an unauthorized reader to determine who is checking out items in the hotlist.
4.6 Reader collision
One problem meet with RFID is the signal from one reader can interfere with the signal from another where coverage overlaps. This is called reader collision. One way to avoid the problem is to use a technique called time division multiple access, or TDMA. In simple terms, the readers are instructed to read at different times, rather than both trying to read at the same time. This ensures that they don't interfere with each other. But it means any RFID tag in an area where two readers overlap will be read twice.
4.7 Tag collision
Another problem readers have is reading a lot of chips in the same field. Tag clash occurs when more than one chip reflects back a signal at the same time, confusing the reader. Different vendors have developed different systems for having the tags respond to the reader one at a time. Since they can be read in milliseconds, it appears that all the tags are being read simultaneously.
4.8 Lack of Standard
The tags used by library RFID vendors are not compatible even when they conform to the same standards because the current standards only seek electronic compatibility between tags and readers. The pattern of encoding information and the software that processes the information differs from vendor to vendor, therefore, a change from one vendor’s system to the other would require retagging all items or modifying the software.
5. Best Practices guidelines for Libraries
As libraries are implementing RFID systems, it is important to develop best practices guidelines to utilize the technology in best way and to keep the privacy concern away. The following may be the best practices guidelines for library RFID use:
· The Library should be open about its use of RFID technology including providing publicly available documents stating the rational for using RFID, objectives of its use and associated policies and procedure and who to contact with questions.
· Signs should be pasted at all facilities using RFID. The signs should inform the public that RFID technology is in use, the types of usage and a statement of protection of privacy and how this technology differs from other information collection methods.
· Only authorized personnel should have access to the RFID system.
· No personal information should be stored on the RFID tag.
· Information describing the tagged item should be encrypted on the tag even if the data is limited to a serial number
· No static information should be contained on the tag (bar code, manufacturer number) that can be read by unauthorised readers.
· All communication between tag and reader should be encrypted via a unique encryption key.
· All RFID readers in the library should be clearly marked.
· ISO 18000 mode-2 tags should be used rather than ISO 15693.
6. Installations
While there are over 500,000 RFID systems installed in warehouses and retail establishments worldwide, RFID systems are still relatively new in libraries. Fewer than 150 had been installed as of the 2004.
Most installations are small, primarily in branch libraries. The University of Connecticut Library; University of Nevada/Las Vegas Library, the Vienna Public Library in Austria, the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, and the National University of Singapore Library are the only sites that appear to have tagged more than 500,000 items each.
So far in India only two University libraries have Installed the RFID system. First among them is Jayakar Library of Pune University and second is Dhanvantri Library of Jammu University. The use of RFID throughout Indian libraries will take at least four to five years.
7. Recent Developments
Recent developments in hardware and software for RFID systems have increased the potential of this technology in library automation and security. 'Today, the one important result for libraries is the ability to use non-proprietary systems, now that the new generation of RFID-chips with standard ISO 15693 (to be integrated into ISO 18000-3) is available,' explains Dr Christian Kern, system development manager of Bibliotheca RFID Library Systems, a Swiss company specialising in such systems for libraries. 'With this technology, libraries do not have to depend on one single supplier for tags. As libraries make a long-term investment, which mainly consists of the quantity of tags needed, this is a very important requirement.'
8. Vendors
The products of six manufacturers of library RFID systems are available in India through their business associates: Bibliotheca, Checkpoint, ID Systems, 3M, X-ident technology GmbH represented by Infotek software and systems in India and TAGSYS— the last represented by Tech Logic, Vernon, Libsys in India and VTLS .
There are several other companies that provide products that work with RFID, including user self-charging stations and materials handling equipment.
Conclusion
It is quite clear from the above discussion that an RFID system may be a comprehensive system that addresses both the security and materials tracking needs of a library. RFID in the library is not a threat if best practices guidelines followed religiously, that it speeds up book borrowing and inventories and frees staff to do more user-service tasks. The technology saves money too and quickly gives a return on investment.
As far as privacy issue is concerned it is important to educate library staff and library users about the RFID technology used in libraries before implementing a program.
It may be good for librarians to wait and watch the developments in RFID for some time before the cost of tags comes down to $.20 or less, the figure which librarians has determined is the key to their serious consideration for the use of technology.
While library RFID systems have a great deal in common with one another, including the use of high frequency (13.56 MHz), passive, read-write tags. Lack of Standard and Compatibility of tags produced by different vendors is a major problem in implementation of RFID in Libraries. Current standards (ISO 15693) apply to container level tagging used in supply chain applications and do not address problems of tracking and hot listing. Next generation tags (ISO 18000) are designed for item level tagging. The newer tags are capable of resolving many of the privacy problems of today’s tags. However, no library RFID products are currently available using the new standard. Apart from that cost of the RFID Tags and equipments is also a major problem for libraries to implement the same in a developing country like India.
References:
Ayre, Lori Bowen, The Galecia Group (August 2004) Position paper: RFID and libraries. Retrived from [http://www.galecia.com/weblog/mt/archives/cat_rfidandwireless.php]
Berkeley Public Library (n.d.) Berkeley Public Library: Best Practices for RFID technology. Retrieved from [http://berkeleypubliclibrary.org/BESTPRAC.pdf].
BIBLIOTHECA RFID Library Systems AG (2003) RFID Technology Overview
Retrieved from http://www.bibliotheca-rfid.com
Boss. R. W. (2003). RFID technology for libraries [Monograph]. Library Technology Reports. November-December 2003.
Boss. R. W. PLA Tech Notes (May 14, 2004) RFID Technology for libraries. Retrieved from [http://www.ala.org/ala/pla/plapubs/technotes/rfidtechnology.htm]
FAQ RFID Journal (OnlineVersion) Retrieved from http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/207
Koppel, T. (March 2004). Standards in Libraries: What’s Ahead: a guide for Library Professional about the Library Standards of Today and the Future. The Library Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.tlcdelivers.com/tlc/pdf/standardswp.pdf.
Molnar, D., Wagner, D. A. (June 2004). Privacy and security in library RFID: Issues, practices and architectures. Retrieved from [http://www.cs.berkeley.edu~dmolnar/library].
Sarma, E. S. Weis, S. A., Engels, D.W. (November 2002). White paper: RFID systems, security & privacy implications. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AUTO-ID Center.
Use of RFID Technology in Libraries: An Automated Metheod of Circulation, Security, Tracking and... Check For The New Release in Health, Fitness & Dieting Category of Books NOW!
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Author is presently working as Assistant Librarian, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006, India
Syed Md. Shahid
Assistant Librarian, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006
smshahid20032yahoo.co.in
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Saturday, January 19, 2013
SEARCH Function and FIND Function in Microsoft Excel
There are two very similar functions in Excel to look for data inside of cells matching parameters that you dictate: SEARCH and FIND. There are so similar, in fact, that one wonders why have two separate functions that perform virtually the identical results and are identical in the construct of the formula. This article will discuss he one, basic difference.
SEARCH Introduction
The SEARCH function is a way to find a character or string within another cell, and it will return the value associated with the starting place. In other words, if you are trying to figure out where a character is within the cell that contains a word, sentence or other type of information, you could use the SEARCH function. The format for this function is:
SEARCH Function and FIND Function in Microsoft Excel
=SEARCH("find_text","within_text",start_num).
If, for example, the word "alphabet" was in cell C2, and your model needed the location of the letter "a" in that cell, you would use the formula =SEARCH("a",C2,1), and the result would be 1. To continue this simplistic example, if you were seeking the location of "b" in the word, the formula would be =SEARCH("b",C2,1), and the result would be 6. You can also use search on strings of characters. If, for example, cell F2 contains 1023-#555-A123, the formula =SEARCH("A12",F2,1) would yield the 11 as an answer.
FIND Introduction
The FIND function is another way to find a character or string within another cell, and it will return the value associated with the starting place, just like the SEARCH function. The format for this function is:
=FIND("find_text","within_text",start_num).
Using the same example as before, the location of the letter "a" in cell C2 would be discovered using =FIND("a",C2,1), and the result would be 1. Looking for "b" in cell C2 would be accomplished be =FIND("b",C2,1), resulting in the number 6. Finally, continuing on the similarity path, if cell F2 contains 1023-#555-A123 (as before), the formula =FIND("A12",F2,1) would yield the 11 as an answer. As you can see, up to this point, both methods would give you the same results.
Note: You probably quickly recognized that there are two a's in the word located in cell C2. By stating the starting point in each of the formulas as 1, we will pick up the first instance of the letter "a". If we needed to choose the next instance, we could merely have the "start_num" part of the formula to be 2, thus skipping the first instance of the letter and resulting in an answer of 5.
Main Differences
The main difference between the SEARCH function and the FIND function is that FIND is case sensitive and SEARCH is not. Thus, if you used the formula =SEARCH("A",C2,1) (note the capital "A"), the result would still be 1, as in the case before. If you were to use the formula =FIND("A",C2,1), you would get #VALUE!. FIND is case sensitive and there is no "A" in the word "alphabet".
Another difference is that SEARCH allows for the use of wildcards whereas FIND does not. In this context, a question mark will look for an exact phrase or series of characters in a cell, and an asterisk will look for the beginning of the series of characters right before the asterisk. For example, the formula =SEARCH("a?p",C2,1) in our alphabet example would yield an answer of 1, as it is looking for an exact grouping of the letter "a" with anything next to it with a "p" immediately after. As this is in the beginning of the word, the value returned is 1. Continuing with the alphabet example, the formula =SEARCH("h*t",C2,1) would yield a value of 4. In this instance, the wildcard "*" can represent any number of characters in between the "h" and the "t" as long as there is a string beginning and ending with the two letters you use in the formula. If the formula was =SEARCH("h*q",C2,1), you would get #VALUE!.
In short, these two formulas are very similar, and unless you need confirmation of an exact character or string of characters, you would likely err on the side of using SEARCH. Instances where this may not be the case might involve searches involving specific SKUs or names of employees. In my experience, SEARCH has been more helpful in specific financial modeling exercises, but it is helpful to understand the differences in usage and results as you work through your own modeling projects.
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Russ Steward has more than fifteen years of experience in investment banking and private equity, and has developed hundreds of financial models and analyses in Excel. For more information, please visit http://www.makefinancialmodels.blogspot.com.
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Monday, January 14, 2013
Flash Drive Not Detected? Solution is Here
There can be several reasons for Flash Drives not being detected by your computer.
First your computer is not able to provide drivers for your Flash Drive. Now, for your information, you do not need to install any drivers from outside if you are using Windows 2000 SP4,Windows XP or Windows Vista as they come with native support for these devices.
If you are thinking that you are already using one of these versions of windows still your computer is not able to mount your Flash Drive. Don't worry,that's why I am writing this article. Just read on...
If your are not on one of these Windows version then your problem can be easily resolved by just installing the drivers which you get on a disc that comes with your Flash Drive. If you did not receive any disc,try checking out the manufacturer's website and it should be there for sure. If still no luck,then try contacting me....
Remember, everything is explained here assuming that you are on Windows XP but need not worry as other Windows like Vista should work the same way.
Let's come back to the topic..
Flash Drive Not Detected? Solution is Here
There are several possible reasons for Flash Drives not mounting on your computer. Mentioned below are few of them:
Drive Letter Conflict
Flash Drive not formatted properly
Windows require some patch or update
Problem with the USB port
Physical connection problem
So, let's start with the first one, that is, drive letter conflict.
Now, this can be the problem when you are trying to use your Flash Drive in a network environment. The best possible solution to this problem is to change the drive letter assigned to Flash Drive. This can be done by going to Disk Management and right clicking on Removable Drive and then clicking on Change Drive Letter. You can select any drive letter which is not assigned by windows to any drive or partition in any computer inside a network. Also, before changing the drive letter it's recommended to check if your Flash Drive is showing in Device Manager under Disk Drives. If it's not there that problem can be something else.
If changing Drive Letters does not help and drive is showing in Device Manager then probably you should try disconnecting that computer from the network by taking out the network cable or if you are inside a corporate environment then try contacting you IT deptt to know the drive letter not being used anywhere.
Let's talk about the second scenario. If the drive is not formatted properly that means that it's mounting up and being detected by the computer as well. It's just would be giving a message to Format the Drive when trying to access it. This can happen if the File System has corrupted on Flash Drive or its not formatted in the supported format. For example, if you are trying to use a Flash Drive formatted in Ext2 file system in Windows Computer. The only solution to this problem is to format the drive in the supported format. For windows you should always format the drive in Fat or Fat32 and in Macintosh you should use MSDOS as this will also be supported by Windows computer. Please note formatting the Drive will ERASE all data. So, if you have any important data kindly try using a different computer to see if drive works or contact a Data Recovery company. If you want some reference kindly leave a comment.
Also, if you are not able to format the Flash Drive, please try using the HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool. It's made by HP but works on generally all Flash Drives.
Now let's talk about problems that can happen because of any updates or patches. No matter if you have the latest service pack for your Vista or XP computer. Still, there are few updates or rather say patches which need to be installed if you face any such problem.
Vista Patch
Please find the link to Vista Patch at the end of this article.
As per Microsoft the patch will fix the following issues:
" When the computer resumes from a suspend state or from a hibernation state, the computer stops responding. Additionally, you receive a "0x9F" stop message on a blue screen.
" The computer takes a long time to resume from a suspend state or from a hibernation state.
" The computer takes a long time to resume from a suspend state or from a hibernation state when you use a VIA controller.
" The computer stops responding when you use an Authentic USB fingerprint reader. Additionally, you receive a "0xFE" Stop error on a blue screen or a "0x9F" Stop error on a blue screen.
" The computer stops responding when you use a USB Bluetooth audio device.
" The computer takes a long time to resume from a suspend state or from a hibernation state when you use an Enhanced Host Controller Interface (EHCI) controller.
" The computer stops responding when you remove a USB device. Additionally, you receive a "0xFE" Stop error on a blue screen.
" When a computer resumes from a suspend state or from a hibernation state multiple times, you receive a "0xFE" Stop error on a blue screen.
So go and install this even if you are facing a different problem related to but not similar to this.
Another patch for XP Service Pack 1 is also include at the bottom.
There are chances of problems with USB ports as well which happens rarely but the possibility is still there. The best way to identify is to attach any other USB device on the same port and check if that device works or not. For Example, USB Printer. Also of you are using a Desktop and inserting the drive in some front USB port then try using some port at the back.
Here , I would like to add one more point. If you have a high capacity drive like 8 GB and you are trying to use it on an old computer then due to inadequate power support the drive may not mount properly.
Sometimes, even if the icon for Removable disc appears under My Computer,the drive may not work properly as the complete capacity will not be mounted in case of inadequate power. You can check this by right clicking on Removable Disc and then clicking on Properties. If one this window, both free and used space is showing 0 KB then this can be the possible problem. In order to fix any issues related to inadequate power supply you can purchase USB Power Hub from any computer store and attach it to the USB port. What it does is that it will convert the low power supplied by USB port to little high power.
But, remember this problem generally happens in case of old computers. Before purchasing USB power hub, you can also try the back port of your computer if you are on Desktop.
And Last but not the Least, improper physical connection is the general cause for Drives not getting detected. This may happen if USB port or connector on Flash Drive has bent or physically damaged due to which drive is not able to make a contact with pins on USB port. In this case, you should also look the inside area of port or connector and if any damage found please take it to some local technician of Drive manufacturer to get it fix.
So, this was my first article. Any feedback will be appreciated.
Thanks
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Vista Patch http://support.microsoft.com/kb/941600
XPService Pack 1 Patch http://support.microsoft.com/kb/822603
For more stuff like this,please visit: http://usbguru.blogspot.com
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